Senile dementia

There is talk of dementia when there is a decline in memory and at least one other cognitive skills that leads to deterioration of social or occupational function. The term "dementia" refers to a syndrome, ie a set of symptoms, which involve the alteration of some functions: cognitive (memory, reasoning, language, the ability to move, to perform complex motor tasks); personality changes (anxiety, depression, delirious ideation, hallucinations, irritability, verbal aggression), behavioral alterations (insomnia, apathy, a tendency to repetitive behavior, decreased appetite and alteration of sexual behavior). It is aimed at a gradual impoverishment of mental capacity, which is the result of a disease and not the consequence of normal aging process.

Dementia can be caused by different diseases:
Alzheimer's disease, in 50-75% of cases
multiple lesions of the brain caused by the interruption of blood flow (ischemic vascular dementia), in 10% of cases
Alzheimer's disease associated with ischemic brain lesions (mixed dementia), in 10% of cases
degenerative brain disease (Pick's disease, fronto-temporal dementia, a disease of Lewy bodies, cortical basal degeneration, and others), in 15-20% of cases
different diseases that can be cured (endocrine disease, hydrocephalus normoteso, depression, intake of certain drugs), in 10-15% of cases.

As a whole is suffering from dementia today about 5% of the population over 65 years, but even 30% of over 85.

Clinically distinguish cortical and subcortical dementia:
Cortical dementia with extensive cortical atrophy, early impairment of memory and loss of abstract thinking, agnos, aphasia, apraxia (represented mainly by the Alzheimer's disease).
Subcortical dementias: early slowing of cognitive processes, less memory loss, but changes in personality with apathy and motor slowing.

But such a strict distinction is not accepted by all the experts on the practical difficulty of giving later in the clinic for each patient category.
Therefore better address the issue based on a classification eziopatogenetica and thus we have:
Primary dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, primary progressive aphasia and other more rare.
Dementia associated with early neuronal degeneration: Parkinson's disease, Huntington chorea, other forms of extrapyramidal syndromes
Vascular dementia
Prion dementia
Dementia from the endocrine-metabolic disorders (thyroid disorders, liver, renal failure)
Deficiency dementia (syndrome Wernicke-KORSAKOFF, pellagra deficiency of B12 and folate)
Dementia from toxic encephalopathy
Dementia from organic diseases of various kinds (tumors, trauma, multiple sclerosis)
Dementia from infection (AIDS, meningitis, Whipple's disease)

Among food supplements to traditional adjuvant treatment of dementia include: Samambaia, catuaba, sarsaparilla, guarana, suma, anamu, velvet bean, cat's claw, maca, Muira Puama, Damiana, epazote.

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